Manuscripts

  1. Maureen N, Herbert B, Immaculate et al, Building National Health Security through a Rapid Self-Assessment and Annual Operational Plan in Uganda, May – September 2021; Published in Health Security, January 2023, https://doi.org/10.1089/hs.2022.0107

  2. Richard Migisha et al. Compliance to handwashing during the early phase of COVID-19 epidemic in Uganda: A nationwide cross-sectional survey. Journal of Interventional Epidemiology and Public Health. 2022;5(1):15. [doi: 10.11604/JIEPH.supp.2022.5.1.1212]

  3. Amodan, B.O., Kisakye, A., Okumu, P.T. et al. Trends of key surveillance performance indicators of acute flaccid paralysis: a descriptive analysis, Uganda, 2015–2020. BMC Public Health 22, 1694 (2022). https://doi.org/10.1186/s12889-022-14077-w     

  4. Edirisa Juniour Nsubuga, Job Morukileng, Josephine Namayanja, Daniel Kadobera, Fred Nsubuga, Irene Byakatonda Kyamwine, Lilian Bulage, Benon Kwesiga, Alex Riolexus Ario, Julie R. Harris, Measles outbreak in Semuto Subcounty, Nakaseke District, Uganda, June–August 2021, IJID Regions, Volume 5, 2022, Pages 44-50, ISSN 2772-7076, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijregi.2022.08.017. Available at: https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2772707622001126

  5. Nabatanzi, M., Ntono, V., Kamulegeya, J. et al. Malaria outbreak facilitated by increased mosquito breeding sites near houses and cessation of indoor residual spraying, Kole district, Uganda, January-June 2019. BMC Public Health 22, 1898 (2022). https://doi.org/10.1186/s12889-022-14245-y  

  6. Merrill, R. D., Kilamile, F., White, M., Eurien, D., Mehta, K., Ojwang, J….Ndungi, D. N. (2022). Using Population Mobility Patterns to Adapt COVID-19 Response Strategies in 3 East Africa Countries. Emerging Infectious Diseases, 28(13), 105-113. https://doi.org/10.3201/eid2813.220848

  7. Harris, J.R., Kadobera, D., Kwesiga, B. et al. Improving the effectiveness of Field Epidemiology Training Programs: characteristics that facilitated effective response to the COVID-19 pandemic in Uganda. BMC Health Serv Res 22, 1532 (2022). https://doi.org/10.1186/s12913-022-08781-x

  8. Haftom Taame Desta, Natalie Mayet, Alex Riolexus Ario, Raji Tajudeen. Role of National Public Health Institutes for a Stronger Health System in Africa. Fortune Journal of Health Sciences 5 (2022): 603-609 Available from: https://www.fortunejournals.com/articles/role-of-national-public-health-institutes-for-a-stronger-health-system-in-africa.html 

  9. Ario AR, Aliddeki DM, Kadobera D, Bulage L, Kayiwa J, Wetaka MM, et al. (2023) Uganda’s experience in establishing an electronic compendium for public health emergencies. PLOS Glob Public Health 3(2): e0001402. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pgph.0001402

  10. Daniel Eurien et al. COVID-19 Transmission within two Family Clusters by Presymptomatic Carriers in Uganda, May 2020. Journal of Interventional Epidemiology and Public Health. 2023;6(1):3. [doi: 10.11604/JIEPH.supp.2023.6.1.1137] Available online at: https://www.afenet-journal.net/content/series/6/1/3/full

  11. Eyu, P., Kizito, S., Nkonwa, I. H., Alitubeera, P. H., Aceng, F. L., Nakanwagi, M., Birungi, D., Nguna, J., Biribawa, C., Okethwangu, D., Opio, D. N., Kwesiga, B., & Ario, A. R. (2023). Cholera outbreak associated with drinking contaminated river water in Panyimur and Parombo sub-counties: Nebbi district, Uganda, March 2017. Journal of Public Health in Africa, 13(4). https://doi.org/10.4081/jphia.2022.1021

  12. Bob Omoda Amodan, Lilian Bulage, Elizabeth Katana, Alex Riolexus Ario. Level and determinants of adherence to and satisfaction with use of face masks in the first stage of the outbreak in Uganda, April 2020; Published in Journal of Interventional Epidemiology and Public Health, April 2022;5(1):11. [doi: 10.11604/JIEPH.supp.2022.5.1.1203]

  13. Patricia Eyu, Peter Elyanu, Alex R. Ario, Peter Oumo, Job Morukileng, Julie R. Harris, Investigation of Possible Preventable Causes of COVID-19 Deaths in the Kampala Metropolitan Area, Uganda, 2020-2021; Published in International Journal of Infectious Diseases, May 2022; Volume 122, P10-14: DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijid.2022.05.033

  14. Alex Riolexus Ario, Issa Makumbi, Daniel Kadobera, Lilian Bulage, Felix Ocom, Benon Kwesiga, Dennis F. Jarvis, Sandra Nabatanzi, Jaco Homsy, Flora Banage, Vance Brown, Julie R. Harris, Amy L. Boore, Lisa J. Nelson, Sue Binder, Henry G. Mwebesa and Jane R. Aceng. Uganda National Institute of Public Health: Establishment and Experiences, 2013 – 2021; Published in Global Health: Science and Practice, July 2022, 10(4):e2100784; https://doi.org/10.9745/GHSP-D-21-00784
  15. Joyce Nguna, Denis Okethwangu, Steven Ndugwa Kabwama, Dativa Maria Aliddeki, Susan Kizito Kironde, Doreen Birungi, Daniel Eurien, Alex Riolexus Ario, Deus Lukoye, Julius Kasozi, Peter J. Cegielski. Factors Associated with Poor Treatment Outcomes among Tuberculosis Patients in Kyangwali Refugee Settlement, Uganda, 2016-2017; Published in PLOS Global Public Health, August 2, 2022. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pgph.0000152
  16. Musewa, A., Mirembe, B.B., Monje, F. et al. Outbreak of cutaneous anthrax associated with handling meat of dead cows in Southwestern Uganda, May 2018. Trop Med Health 50, 52 (2022). https://doi.org/10.1186/s41182-022-00445-0
  17. Maureen Katusiime, Steven Ndugwa Kabwama, Gerald Rukundo, Benon Kwesiga, Lilian Bulage, Damian Rutazaana, Alex Riolexus Ario, Julie Harris. Malaria outbreak facilitated by engagement in activities near swamps following increased rainfall and limited preventive measures: Oyam District, Uganda; Published in PLOS Global Public Health, August 2022; https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pgph.0000239

  18. Richard Migisha, Job Morukileng, Claire Biribawa, Daniel Kadobera, James Kisambu, Lilian Bulage, Alex Ndyabakira, Elizabeth Katana, Lisa A. Mills, Alex Riolexus Ario, Julie R. Harris. Investigation of a COVID-19 Outbreak at a Regional Prison, Northern Uganda, September 2020; Published in Pan African Medical Journal, September 2022;43:10. [doi: 10.11604/pamj.2022.43.10.33598]

  19. Bob Omoda Amodan, Annet Kisakye, Patricia Thiwe Okumu, Sherry Rita Ahirirwe, Daniel Kadobera, Alfred Driwale & Alex Riolexus Ario Trends of key surveillance performance indicators of acute flaccid paralysis: a descriptive analysis, Uganda, 2015–2020; Published in BMC Public Health, September 2022; Doi: https://doi.org/10.1186/s12889-022-14077-w
  20. Edirisa JuniourNsubuga, JobMorukileng, JosephineNamayanja, DanielKadobera, FredNsubuga, Irene ByakatondaKyamwine, LilianBulage, BenonKwesiga, Alex RiolexusArio, Julie R.Harris. Measles Outbreak in Semuto Subcounty, Nakaseke District, Uganda, June–August 2021; Published in International Journal of Infectious Diseases, Regions, September 2022; https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijregi.2022.08.017
  21. Alex Riolexus Ario et al. Evaluation of Public Health Surveillance Systems in Refugee Settlements in Uganda, 2016 – 2019: Lessons Learnt. Conflict and Health (2022) 16:15
    https://doi.org/10.1186/s13031-022-00449-x

  22. Sarah Elayeete, Rose Nampeera, Edirisa Juniour Nsubuga, Hildah Tendo Nansikombi, Benon Kwesiga, Daniel Kadobera, Geofrey Amanya, Miriam Ajambo, Wilbrod Mwanje, Alex Riolexus Ario, and Julie R. Harris. Comparative Epidemiologic Analysis of COVID-19 Patients during the First and Second Waves of COVID-19 in Uganda. Volume 3, June 2022, Pages 160-167. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijregi.2022.03.017
  23. Doreen Nsiimire Gonahasa, Bernadette Mirembe Basuta, Sandra Nabatanzi, Benon Kwesiga, Lilian Bulage, and Alex Riolexus Ario. Prompt Response to a Cross-border Plague Outbreak in Zombo District, Minimized Spread, Uganda, March 2019. Journal of Intervention Epidemiology and Public Health. 2022;5:6. Published on 27 Apr 2022. https://www.afenet-journal.net/content/article/5/6/full
  24. Bwire, G., Ario, A.R., Eyu, P. et al. The COVID-19 pandemic in the African continent. BMC Med 20, 167 (2022). https://doi.org/10.1186/s12916-022-02367-4
  25. Alex Riolexus Ario et al. The Uganda Public Health Fellowship Program’s Contributions to the National HIV and TB Programs, 2015-2020. Global Health: Science and Practice April 2022, 10(2):e2100574; https://doi.org/10.9745/GHSP-D-21-00574
  26. Christina Potter, Lucia Mulle, Steven Ssendagire, Rhoda K Wanyenze, Alex Riolexus Ario et al.  Retrospective identification of key activities in Uganda’s preparedness measures related to the 2018-2020 EVD outbreak in eastern DRC utilizing a framework evaluation tool. PloS Global Health, April 2022
  27. Kihembo C, Masiira B, Lali WZ, et al. Risk Factors for Podoconiosis: Kamwenge District, Western Uganda, September 2015. The American Journal of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene. 2017 Jun;96(6):1490-1496. DOI: 10.4269/ajtmh.16-0932. PMID: 28719274; PMCID: PMC5462591.
  28. Pande G, Kwesiga B, Bwire G, et, al. Cholera outbreak caused by drinking contaminated water from a lakeshore water-collection site, Kasese District, south-western Uganda, June-July 2015; Plos One Journal; https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0198431

  29. Pande, G., Bulage, L., Kabwama, S. et al. Preference and uptake of different community-based HIV testing service delivery models among female sex workers along Malaba-Kampala highway, Uganda, 2017. BMC Health Serv Res19, 799 (2019). https://doi.org/10.1186/s12913-019-4610-3

  30. Bulage, L., Masiira, B., Ario, A.R. et al. Modifiable risk factors for typhoid intestinal perforations during a large outbreak of typhoid fever, Kampala Uganda, 2015. BMC Infect Dis17, 641 (2017). https://doi.org/10.1186/s12879-017-2720-2

  31. Bulage, L., Ssewanyana, I., Nankabirwa, V. et al. Factors Associated with Virological Non-suppression among HIV-Positive Patients on Antiretroviral Therapy in Uganda, August 2014–July 2015. BMC Infect Dis17, 326 (2017). https://doi.org/10.1186/s12879-017-2428-3

  32. Steven Ndugwa Kabwama et al. Risk factors for hematemesis in Hoima and Buliisa Districts, Western Uganda, September-October 2015. Pan African Medical Journal. 2017;28:215. [doi: 10.11604/pamj.2017.28.215.12395]

  33. Kabwama, S.N., Bulage, L., Nsubuga, F. et al. A large and persistent outbreak of typhoid fever caused by consuming contaminated water and street-vended beverages: Kampala, Uganda, January – June 2015. BMC Public Health17, 23 (2017). https://doi.org/10.1186/s12889-016-4002-0

  34. Steven NK, Sheila N, Gerald M, et, al (2016). Alcohol use among adults in Uganda: findings from the countrywide non-communicable diseases risk factor cross-sectional survey, Global Health Action,9:1 ,DOI: 10.3402/gha.v9.31302

  35. Kabwama, S, Ndyanabangi, S., Mutungi, G. et, al (2016). Tobacco use and associated factors among Adults in Uganda: Findings from a nationwide survey. Tobacco Induced Diseases, 14(August), 27. https://doi.org/10.1186/s12971-016-0093-8

  36. Kwesiga, B., Pande, G., Ario, A.R. et al. A prolonged, community-wide cholera outbreak associated with drinking water contaminated by sewage in Kasese District, western Uganda. BMC Public Health18, 30 (2018). https://doi.org/10.1186/s12889-017-4589-9

  37. Kwesiga, B., Ario, A.R., Bulage, L. et al. Fatal cases associated with eating chapatti contaminated with organophosphate in Tororo District, Eastern Uganda, 2015: case series. BMC Public Health19, 767 (2019). https://doi.org/10.1186/s12889-019-7143-0

  38. Nsubuga, F., Bulage, L., Ampeire, I. et al. Factors contributing to measles transmission during an outbreak in Kamwenge District, Western Uganda, April to August 2015. BMC Infect Dis18, 21 (2018). https://doi.org/10.1186/s12879-017-2941-4

  39. Okullo, A.E., Matovu, J.K.B., Ario, A.R. et al. Malaria incidence among children less than 5 years during and after cessation of indoor residual spraying in Northern Uganda. Malar J16, 319 (2017). https://doi.org/10.1186/s12936-017-1966-x

  40. Oguttu, D.W., Matovu, J.K.B., Okumu, D.C. et al. Rapid reduction of malaria following introduction of vector control interventions in Tororo District, Uganda: a descriptive study. Malar J16, 227 (2017). https://doi.org/10.1186/s12936-017-1871-3

  41. Oguttu, D.W., Okullo, A., Bwire, G. et al. Cholera outbreak caused by drinking lake water contaminated with human faeces in Kaiso Village, Hoima District, Western Uganda, October 2015. Infect Dis Poverty6, 146 (2017). https://doi.org/10.1186/s40249-017-0359-2

  42. Mafigiri, R., Nsubuga, F. & Ario, A.R. Risk factors for measles death: Kyegegwa District, western Uganda, February–September, 2015. BMC Infect Dis17, 462 (2017). https://doi.org/10.1186/s12879-017-2558-7

  43. Mafigiri, R., Matovu, J.K.B., Makumbi, F.E. et al. HIV prevalence and uptake of HIV/AIDS services among youths (15–24 Years) in fishing and neighboring communities of Kasensero, Rakai District, South Western Uganda. BMC Public Health17, 251 (2017). https://doi.org/10.1186/s12889-017-4166-2

  44. Masira.B, Makumbi. I, Ario. AR, et, al; Long term trends and spatial distribution of animal bite injuries and deaths due to human rabies infection: Analysis of 2011-2015 Epidemiological surveillance data in Uganda, Plos one Journal

  45. Bao-Ping Zhu et al. Cholera outbreak in a fishing village in Uganda: a case study. Pan African Medical Journal. 2018;30(1):8. [doi: 10.11604/pamj.supp.2018.30.1.15268]

  46. Alex Riolexus Ario et al. Investigating an outbreak of measles in Kamwenge District, Uganda, July 2015. Pan African Medical Journal. 2018;30(1):9. [doi: 10.11604/pamj.supp.2018.30.1.15269]

  47. Ario, RA, Rhoda K.W, Opio A et, al,  Strengthening Global Health Security Through Africa’s First Absolute Post-Master’s Fellowship Program in Field Epidemiology in Uganda, Dec 2018.S-87-S-97.http://doi.org/10.1089/hs.2018.0045

  48. Nyakarahuka.l, Trevor R.S, Balinandi.S, et, al; Marburg virus disease outbreak in Kween District Uganda, 2017: Epidemiological and laboratory finding; Plos Neglected tropical diseases; https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pntd.0007257

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  50. Alex RA, Issa M, Lilian B, et, al (2019)The logic model for Uganda’s health sector preparedness for public health threats and emergencies, Global Health Action, 12:1,DOI: 10.1080/16549716.2019.1664103

  51. Aceng, J.R., Ario, A.R., Muruta, A.N. et al. Uganda’s experience in Ebola virus disease outbreak preparedness, 2018–2019. Global Health16, 24 (2020). https://doi.org/10.1186/s12992-020-00548-5

  52. Okello, P.E., Bulage, L., Riolexus, A.A. et al.A cholera outbreak caused by drinking contaminated river water, Bulambuli District, Eastern Uganda, March 2016. BMC Infect Dis 19, 516 (2019). https://doi.org/10.1186/s12879-019-4036-x

  53. Kwagonza, L., Masiira, B., Kyobe-Bosa, H. et al. Outbreak of yellow fever in central and southwestern Uganda, February–may 2016. BMC Infect Dis 18, 548 (2018). https://doi.org/10.1186/s12879-018-3440-y

  54. Kwagonza, L., Bulage, L., Okello, P.E. et al. Comprehensive knowledge of HIV prevention among fishing communities of Lake Kyoga, Uganda, 2013. BMC Public Health 20, 29 (2020). https://doi.org/10.1186/s12889-020-8146-6

  55. Nakubulwa S, Kusiima J, Kadobera D, et al. Acute Metam Sodium Poisoning Caused by Occupational Exposure at a Flower Farm – Uganda, October 2016. MMWR. Morbidity and Mortality Weekly Report. 2018 Apr;67(14):414-417. DOI: 10.15585/mmwr.mm6714a2. PMID: 29649189;  PMCID: PMC5898219.

  56. Atuheire, E.B., Opio, D.N., Kadobera, D. et al. Spatial and temporal trends of cesarean deliveries in Uganda: 2012–2016. BMC Pregnancy Childbirth19, 132 (2019). https://doi.org/10.1186/s12884-019-2279-6

  57. Nakiire, L., Kabwama, S., Majwala, R. et al. Factors Associated with Utilisation of Couple HIV Counselling and Testing Among HIV-Positive Adults in Kyoga Fishing Community Uganda, May 2017: Cross Sectional Study. AIDS Behav24, 2935–2941 (2020). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10461-020-02844-y

  58. Majwala, R.K., Nakiire, L., Kadobera, D. et al. Measles outbreak propagated by children congregating at water collection points in Mayuge District, eastern Uganda, July – October, 2016. BMC Infect Dis18, 412 (2018). https://doi.org/10.1186/s12879-018-3304-5

  59. Claire Biribawa et al . Trends of Injuries due to Gender Based Violence, Uganda, 2012 – 2016, a retrospective descriptive analysis. Journal of Interventional Epidemiology and Public Health. 2020;3:7.

  60. Biribawa, C., Atuhairwe, J.A., Bulage, L. et al. Measles outbreak amplified in a pediatric ward: Lyantonde District, Uganda, August 2017. BMC Infect Dis20, 398 (2020). https://doi.org/10.1186/s12879-020-05120-5

  61. Evaluation of the Disease Surveillance System in Adjumani District Refugee Settlements, Uganda, April 2017

     

  62. Patricia Eyu et al . Epidemiologic Investigation of a Cluster of Deaths due to Eating Fried Rice Balls Intentionally Tainted with Quinalphos, Sironko District, Uganda, a case series, 2017. Journal of Interventional Epidemiology and Public Health. 2020;3:3.

  63. Aceng, F.L., Kawuma, HJ, Majwala, R. et al. Spatial distribution and temporal trends of leprosy in Uganda, 2012–2016: a retrospective analysis of public health surveillance data. BMC Infect Dis19, 1016 (2019). https://doi.org/10.1186/s12879-019-4601-3

  64. Ntono, V., Eurien, D., Bulage, L. et al. Cutaneous anthrax outbreak associated with handling dead animals, Rhino Camp sub-county: Arua District, Uganda, January–May 2018. One Health Outlook3, 8 (2021). https://doi.org/10.1186/s42522-021-00040-z

  65. Nakanwagi.M, Ario.A.R, Kwagonza, l, Outbreak of gastrointestinal anthrax following eating beef of suspicious origin: Isingiro District, Uganda, 2017; Plos Neglected Tropical Diseases Journal, https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pntd.0008026

  66. Nakanwagi, M., Bulage, L., Kwesiga, B. et al. Low proportion of women who came knowing their HIV status at first antenatal care visit, Uganda, 2012–2016: a descriptive analysis of surveillance data. BMC Pregnancy Childbirth20, 498 (2020). https://doi.org/10.1186/s12884-020-03197-z

  67. Okethwangu, D., Birungi, D., Biribawa, C. et al. Multidrug-resistant tuberculosis outbreak associated with poor treatment adherence and delayed treatment: Arua District, Uganda, 2013–2017. BMC Infect Dis19, 387 (2019). https://doi.org/10.1186/s12879-019-4014-3

  68. Okethwangu, D., Opigo, J., Atugonza, S. et al. Factors associated with uptake of optimal doses of intermittent preventive treatment for malaria among pregnant women in Uganda: analysis of data from the Uganda Demographic and Health Survey, 2016. Malar J18, 250 (2019). https://doi.org/10.1186/s12936-019-2883-y

  69. Kizito S, Okello PE, Kwesiga B, et al. Notes from the Field: Crimean-Congo Hemorrhagic Fever Outbreak — Central Uganda, August–September 2017. MMWR Morb Mortal Wkly Rep 2018;67:646–647. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.15585/mmwr.mm6722a6

  70. Susan Kizito et al . Trends and spatial distribution of Human African Trypanosomiasis (HAT), Uganda, 2005 – 2015: A descriptive analysis of surveillance data. Journal of Interventional Epidemiology and Public Health. 2018;1:4.

  71. Birungi.D, Patricia. E, Okethwangu.D, et, al; Fatal Methanol Poisoning Caused by Drinking Adulterated Locally Distilled Alcohol: Wakiso District, Uganda, June 2017; Journal of Environmental and Public health: https://doi.org/10.1155/2020/5816162

  72. Alitubeera PH, Eyu P, Kwesiga B, et, al. Outbreak of Cyanide Poisoning Caused by Consumption of Cassava Flour — Kasese District, Uganda, September 2017. MMWR Morb Mortal Wkly Rep 2019;68:308–311. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.15585/mmwr.mm6813a3external icon

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  74. Ntono, V., Eurien, D., Bulage, L. et al. Cutaneous anthrax outbreak associated with handling dead animals, Rhino Camp sub-county: Arua District, Uganda, January–May 2018. One Health Outlook3, 8 (2021). https://doi.org/10.1186/s42522-021-00040-z

  75. Nsereko.G, Kadobera.D, Ario. R.A; Malaria Outbreak Facilitated by Appearance of Vector-Breeding Sites after Heavy Rainfall and Inadequate Preventive Measures: Nwoya District, Northern Uganda, February–May 2018; Journal of Environmental and Public Health; Volume 2020 |Article ID 5802401 | https://doi.org/10.1155/2020/5802401

  76. Monje.F, Kadobera. D, Deo. B; Trends and spatial distribution of animal bites and vaccination status among victims and the animal population, Uganda: A veterinary surveillance system analysis, 2013–2017; Plos Neglected Tropical diseases journal, https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pntd.0007944

  77. Monje F, Ario AR, Musewa A, et al. A prolonged cholera outbreak caused by drinking contaminated stream water, Kyangwali Refugee Settlement, Hoima District, Western Uganda: 2018. Research Square; 2020. DOI: 10.21203/rs.3.rs-36121/v3.

  78. Nanziri.c, Ario.R.A, Ntono.V, et, al (2020); Ebola Virus Disease Preparedness Assessment and Risk Mapping in Uganda, August-September 2018; https://doi.org/10.1089/hs.2019.0118, Mary Ann Liebert, Inc., publishers

  79. Bahizi, G., Majwala, R.K., Kisaka, S. et al. Epidemiological profile of patients with rifampicin-resistant tuberculosis: an analysis of the Uganda National Tuberculosis Reference Laboratory Surveillance Data, 2014–2018. Antimicrob Resist Infect Control10, 76 (2021). https://doi.org/10.1186/s13756-021-00947-2

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  81. Lukabwe I, Kyamwine I, et al. The yield of HIV testing during pregnancy and postnatal period, Uganda, 2015-2018: analysis of surveillance data. AIDS Research and Therapy. 2021 Jun;18(1):35. DOI: 10.1186/s12981-021-00360-0. PMID: 34167577; PMCID: PMC8223265.

  82. Migisha, R., Kwesiga, B., Mirembe, B.B. et al. Early cases of SARS-CoV-2 infection in Uganda: epidemiology and lessons learned from risk-based testing approaches –March-April 2020. Global Health16, 114 (2020). https://doi.org/10.1186/s12992-020-00643-7

  83. Amodan BO, Bulage L, Katana E, et al. Level and Determinants of Adherence to COVID-19 Preventive Measures in the First Stage of the Outbreak in Uganda. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health. 2020 Nov;17(23). DOI: 10.3390/ijerph17238810. PMID: 33260900; PMCID: PMC7734576.

  84. Katana, E., Amodan, B.O., Bulage, L. et al. Violence and discrimination among Ugandan residents during the COVID-19 lockdown. BMC Public Health 21, 467 (2021). https://doi.org/10.1186/s12889-021-10532-2

  85. Alex Riolexus Ario et al. Timing of onset of symptom for COVID-19 from publicly reported confirmed cases in Uganda. Pan African Medical Journal. 2021;38:168. [doi: 10.11604/pamj.2021.38.168.27673]

  86. Doreen Birungi et al .Two Clusters of Meningococcal Meningitis in Bunyangabu District, Uganda: October, 2017. Journal of Interventional Epidemiology and Public Health. 2020;3:8

  87. H. Kyobe Bosa, R. Majwala, L. Nakiire, A.R. Ario, N. Kiwanuka, H. Kibuuka, R.G. Downing, and J.J. Lutwama. Missed opportunities for Yellow Fever Surveillance in Uganda, July 2015 – May 2016; International Journal of Infectious Diseases, Volume 53, Supplement, 116-117, December 01, 2016. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijid.2016.11.291

  88. David W. Oguttu, Joseph K. B. Matovu, David C. Okumu, Alex R. Ario, Allen E. Okullo, Jimmy Opigo & Victoria Nankabirwa. Rapid reduction of malaria following introduction of vector control interventions in Tororo District, Uganda: a descriptive study. Malar J 16, 227 (2017). https://doi.org/10.1186/s12936-017-1871-3

  89. Emily Atuheire, Leocadia Kwagonza, Daniel Kadobera, and Alex Riolexus Ario. Rapid evaluation of the disease surveillance system in the Rhino Camp Refugee Settlement, Uganda: a case for early warning systems in emergency settings, 2016. Pan African Medical Journal – Conference Proceedings. 2017:6(2).20 Dec 2017. doi:10.11604/pamj-cp.2017.6.2.484

  90. Emily Atuheire, Jarred McAteer, Sae-Rom Chae, Daniel Kadobera, Alex Riolexus Ario, and Rob Quick. Evaluation of water, sanitation and hygiene infrastructure in rural healthcare facilities, Kamwenge District, Uganda, 2017. Pan African Medical Journal – Conference Proceedings. 2017:3(51).23 Dec 2017. doi: 10.11604/pamj-cp.2017.3.51.200

  91. Alitubeera Phoebe Hilda, Daniel Kadobera, Benon Kwesiga, Alex Riolexus Ario, Hafsa Lukwata and Ndyanabangi Sheila. Distribution and patterns of common mental health disorders in Uganda, 2017. Journal of Community Medicine and Health Education. 5th World Congress on Public Health, Nutrition & Epidemiology. 2018 page 10. DOI: 10.4172/2161-0711-C3-039

  92. Paul Edward Okello, Daniel Kadobera, and Alex Riolexus Ario. Risk of HIV positivity in exposed infants associated with different interventions, Uganda, 2016. Pan African Medical Journal – Conference Proceedings. 2017:6(24).21 Dec 2017. doi: 10.11604/pamj-cp.2017.6.24.506

  93. Allen Eva Okullo, David Were Oguttu, Alex Riolexus Ario, and Bao-Ping Zhu. The cost of responding to a waterborne cholera outbreak in a village in Uganda compared to a simple hypothetical intervention, 2016. Pan African Medical Journal – Conference Proceedings. 2017:6(25).21 Dec 2017. doi: 10.11604/pamj-cp.2017.6.25.507

  94. Emily Atuheire, Daniel Kadobera, Alex Riolexus Ario, Joseph Matovu, Blandina Nakiganda, Frank Kaharuza. Trends in cesarean section deliveries from 2012 – 2014 in Uganda, 2016. Pan African Medical Journal – Conference Proceedings. 2017:6(3).20 Dec 2017. doi: 10.11604/pamj-cp.2017.6.3.485

  95. David Were Oguttu, Joseph Matovu, David Cyrus Okumu, Alex Riolexus Ario, Allen Eva Okullo, Jimmy Opigo, and Victoria Nankabirwa. Malaria in Tororo district after four rounds of indoor residual spraying: need to test and treat to prevent resurgence, Uganda, 2016. Pan African Medical Journal – Conference Proceedings. 2017:6(21).21 Dec 2017. doi: 10.11604/pamj-cp.2017.6.21.502

  96. Susan Nakubulwa, Daniel Kadobera, and Alex Riolexus Ario. Tracking missed ANC appointments using option B+ weekly SMS reporting in Central Uganda, January-June 2016. Pan African Medical Journal – Conference Proceedings. 2017:6(18).20 Dec 2017.doi: 10.11604/pamj-cp.2017.6.18.500

  97. Jimmy Ogwal, Daniel Kadobera, and Alex Riolexus Ario. Utilization of elimination of mother to child HIV transmission services: Kampala, Uganda, 2016. Pan African Medical Journal – Conference Proceedings. 2017:6(22).21 Dec 2017. doi: 10.11604/pamj-cp.2017.6.22.504

  98. Steven Ndugwa Kabwama, Alex Riolexus Ario, and David Guwatudde. Trends of alcohol abuse using surveillance data from the Health Management Information System (HMIS) of Uganda. Pan African Medical Journal – Conference Proceedings. 2017:1(9).11 Dec 2017. doi: 10.11604/pamj-cp.2017.1.9.15 

  99. Gerald Pande, Shaban Mugerwa, and Alex Riolexus Ario. Evaluation of community-based HIV service delivery models for sex workers along Malaba, Kampala Highway, Uganda, 2016. Pan African Medical Journal – Conference Proceedings. 2017:6(26).21 Dec 2017. doi: 10.11604/pamj-cp.2017.6.26.508

  100. Ben Masiira, Christine Kihembo,and Alex Riolexus Ario.Trends and spatial distribution of animal bite injuries and rabies deaths in Uganda, 2013-2015; Published in Pan African Medical Journal, January 2018. Pan African Medical Journal – Conference Proceedings. 2017:6(16).20 Dec 2017. doi: 10.11604/pamj-cp.2017.6.16.498

  101. Lilian Bulage, Isaac Sewanyana, Joseph Matovu, Christine Kihembo, Fred Nsubuga, Gerald Pande, Alex Riolexus Ario, Charles Kiyaga, and Victoria Nankabirwa. Factors affecting quality of care for virologically non-suppressed HIV positive patients in Jinja, Buikwe and Iganga Districts, Uganda, 2016. Pan African Medical Journal – Conference Proceedings. 2017:6(4).20 Dec 2017. doi: 10.11604/pamj-cp.2017.6.4.486

  102. Fred Nsubuga, Lilian Bulage, and Alex Riolexus Ario. Visiting health centers as a risk factor for measles transmission: Kamwenge District, Uganda, April – July 2015. Pan African Medical Journal – Conference Proceedings. 2017:1(10).11 Dec 2017. doi: 10.11604/pamj-cp.2017.1.10.1

  103. David Were Oguttu, Alex Riolexus Ario, David Cyrus Okumu, Victoria Nankabirwa. Effect of vector control on malaria incidence in Tororo: a case for focusing surveillance to sub-county levels. Pan African Medical Journal – Conference Proceedings. 2017:1(6).11 Dec 2017.doi: 10.11604/pamj-cp.2017.1.6.13

  104. Fred Nsubuga, Immaculate Ampaire, Alex Riolexus Ario, Henry Luzze, and Simon Kasasa. Sensitivity and positive predictive value of the measles surveillance system in Uganda, 2012-2015. Pan African Medical Journal – Conference Proceedings. 2017:6(20).21 Dec 2017. doi: 10.11604/pamj-cp.2017.6.20.503

  105. Benon Kwesiga, Gerald Pande, and Alex Riolexus Ario. Village health team functionality and adherence to reporting requirements for community-based surveillance in Kasese, Uganda, 2016. Pan African Medical Journal – Conference Proceedings. 2017:6(11).20 Dec 2017. doi: 10.11604/pamj-cp.2017.6.11.493

  106. Joy Kusiima, Eric Ikoona, Daniel Kadobera, and Alex Riolexus Ario. Typhoid over diagnosis and reporting in Nakaseke District, Uganda, 2016. Pan African Medical Journal – Conference Proceedings. 2017:6(8).20 Dec 2017. doi: 10.11604/pamj-cp.2017.6.8.509

  107. Leocadia Kwagonza, Ben Masiira, Daniel Kadobera, Alex Riolexus Ario, and Bao-Ping Zhu. Risk factors for yellow fever transmission during an outbreak in Masaka, Rukungiri and Kalangala, Uganda, April 2016. Pan African Medical Journal – Conference Proceedings. 2017:6(10).20 Dec 2017. doi: 10.11604/pamj-cp.2017.6.10.492

  108. Ben Masiira, Christine Kihembo, and Alex Riolexus Ario. Rapid assessment of public health risks among refugees in Nakivale Refugee Settlement, Isingiro District, Uganda, 2015. Pan African Medical Journal – Conference Proceedings. 2017:6(15).20 Dec 2017. doi: 10.11604/pamj-cp.2017.6.15.497

  109. Lydia Nakiire, Paul Edward Okello, and Alex Riolexus Ario. Low measles vaccination caused measles outbreak in Kamuli District, Uganda, July 2016. Pan African Medical Journal – Conference Proceedings. 2017:6(17).20 Dec 2017. doi: 10.11604/pamj-cp.2017.6.17.499

  110. Richardson Mafigiri, Alex Riolexus Ario, and Federick Makumbi. Diarrheal diseases and household sanitary practices in Kakuuto County, Rakai District, Uganda, 2016. Pan African Medical Journal – Conference Proceedings. 2017:6(13).20 Dec 2017. doi: 10.11604/pamj-cp.2017.6.13.495 

  111. Christine Kihembo, Alex Riolexus Ario, Lydia Nakiire, Issa Makumbi, Monica Musenero, Frank Kaharuza, Florence Najjuka, and Henry Kajumbula. Anti-bacterial resistance patterns and trends among septicaemic patients in Kampala, Uganda, 2010-2015. Pan African Medical Journal – Conference Proceedings. 2017:6(7).20 Dec 2017. doi: 10.11604/pamj-cp.2017.6.7.489

  112. Henry Bosa Kyobe, Robert Majwala, Steven Kabwama, and Alex Riolexus Ario. The first reported human Rift Valley Fever outbreak in Uganda, 2016. Pan African Medical Journal – Conference Proceedings. 2017:6(12).20 Dec 2017. doi: 10.11604/pamj-cp.2017.6.12.494

  113. Susan Nakubulwa, Joy Kusiima, Joyce Nguna, Joan Mutyoba, Daniel Kadobera, and Alex Riolexus Ario. Rapid health assessment of newly arriving refugees at Adjumani Refugee Camps, Northern Uganda, August 2016. Pan African Medical Journal – Conference Proceedings. 2017:6(19).21 Dec 2017. doi: 10.11604/pamj-cp.2017.6.19.501

  114. Leocadia Kwagonza, Daniel Kadobera, Annet Nakaganda, Joy Kusiima, Mary Phoebe Amulen, Sarah Nambooze, Alex Riolexus Ario, and Henry Wabinga. Epidemiologic characteristics of top five cancers in Kampala, Uganda. Pan African Medical Journal – Conference Proceedings. 2017:6(9).20 Dec 2017. doi: 10.11604/pamj-cp.2017.6.9.491

  115. Richardson Mafigiri, Anthony Ndyanabo, Fred Nalugoda, Tom Lutalo, Gertrude Nakigozi, Robert Ssekubugu, Godfrey Kigozi, and Alex Riolexus Ario. The burden of HIV/AIDS and uptake of services among adolescents/youths in Kasensero fishing community, Rakai District. Pan African Medical Journal – Conference Proceedings. 2017:1(11).11 Dec 2017. doi: 10.11604/pamj-cp.2017.1.11.17

  116. Annet Joselyn Atuhairwe, David Were Oguttu, Alex Riolexus Ario, Daniel Kadobera, and Bao-Ping Zhu. Spreading like a wild fire: a tale of three cholera outbreaks, Namayingo District, Uganda, March 2016. Pan African Medical Journal – Conference Proceedings. 2017:6(1).20 Dec 2017. doi: 10.11604/pamj-cp.2017.6.1.483

  117. Monica Okuga, David Were Oguttu, Allen Eva Okullo, Meeyoung Mattie Park, Charles Perry Ko, Joseph Asamoah Frimpong, Bao-Ping Zhu, and Alex Riolexus Ario. Investigating a cholera outbreak in Kaiso Fishing Village, Hoima District, Uganda, October 2015. Pan African Medical Journal. 2018;30(1):14. doi: 10.11604/pamj.supp.2018.30.1.15281

  118. Nsubuga F, Luzze H, Ampeire I, Kasasa S, Toliva OB, Ario Riolexus A (2018) Factors that affect immunization data quality in Kabarole District, Uganda. PLoS ONE 13(9): e0203747. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0203747 hh

  119. Nyakarahuka L, Shoemaker TR, Balinandi S, Chemos G, Kwesiga B, Mulei S, et al. (2019) Marburg virus disease outbreak in Kween District Uganda, 2017: Epidemiological and laboratory findings. PLoS Negl Trop Dis 13(3): e0007257. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pntd.0007257

  120. Joshua Kayiwa, Juliet Namuga Kasule, Alex Riolexus Ario et al. Conducting the Joint External Evaluation in Uganda: The Process and Lessons Learned. Health Security  (IF 1.810 ). 2019. DOI: 10.1089/hs.2018.0137 

  121. Patricia Eyu, Denis Nixon Opio and Alex Riolexus Ario. Epidemiologic Investigation of a Cluster of Deaths due to Eating Fried Rice Balls Intentionally Tainted with Quinalphos, Sironko District, Uganda, a case series, 2017. Journal of Interventional Epidemiology and Public Health. 2020;3:3. https://www.afenet-journal.net/content/article/3/3/full

  122. Alex Riolexus Ario et al. Investigation of Marburg Virus Disease Outbreak in Kween District, Eastern Uganda, 2017.

  123. Archives of Infectious Diseases and Therapy. 2020. https://opastonline.com/wp-content/uploads/2020/02/investigation-of-marburg-virus-disease-outbreak-in-kween-district-eastern-uganda-2017-aidt-20.pdf

    Nakanwagi M, Ario A.R, Kwagonza L, Aceng FL, Mwesigye J, Bulage L, et al. (2020) Outbreak of gastrointestinal anthrax following eating beef of suspicious origin: Isingiro District, Uganda, 2017. PLoS Negl Trop Dis 14(2): e0008026. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pntd.0008026

  124. Paul Edward Okello, Robert Kaos Majwala, Rosalia Kalani, Benon Kwesiga, Susan Kizito, Steven N. Kabwama, Lilian Bulage, Linus K. Ndegwa, Melvin Ochieng, Julie R. Harris, Elizabeth Hunsperger, Henry Kajumbula, Daniel Kadobera, Bao-Ping Zhu, Sandra S. Chaves, Alex Riolexus Ario and Marc-Alain Widdowson. Investigation of a Cluster of Severe Respiratory Disease Referred from Uganda to Kenya, February 2017. Health Security. Vol 10, No. 2. 2020. https://doi.org/10.1089/hs.2019.0107

  125. Lucia Mullen, Steven Ssendagire, Christina Potter, Rhoda Wanyenze, Alex Riolexus Ario, Doreen Tuhebwe, Susan Babirye, Rebecca Nuwematsiko, and Jennifer Nuzzo. Preventing Ebola in Uganda: Case Study from the Makerere University School of Public Health and the Johns Hopkins Center for Health Security. https://www.centerforhealthsecurity.org/our-work/publications/preventing-ebola-in-uganda-case-study hh

  126. Claire Biribawa, Rebecca Nuwemastiko, Frederick Oporia, Ezekiel Baguma, Lilian Bulage, Denis Okethwangu, Alex Riolexus Ario, and Olive Kobusingye. Trends of Injuries due to Gender Based Violence, Uganda, 2012 – 2016, a retrospective descriptive analysis. Journal of Interventional Epidemiology and Public Health. 2020;3:7. https://www.afenet-journal.net/content/article/3/7/full

  127. Monje, F., Ario, A.R., Musewa, A. et al. A prolonged cholera outbreak caused by drinking contaminated stream water, Kyangwali refugee settlement, Hoima District, Western Uganda: 2018. Infect Dis Poverty 9, 154 (2020). https://doi.org/10.1186/s40249-020-00761-9

  128. Angella Musewa, B. Mirembe, A.R. Ario, D. Birungi, C. Nanziri, F.L. Aceng, S.N. Kabwama, D. Ndumu, C. Cossaboom, D. Lowe, and B.P. Zhu. Outbreak of Cutaneous anthrax associated with handling meat of dead cows: Engari sub-county, Kiruhura District, south Western Uganda, May 2018. International Journal of Infectious Diseases. 0588. Volume 101, Supplement 1, 246, December 01, 2020. DOI:https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijid.2020.11.078

  129. Jean B. Nachega, Rhoda Atteh, Chikwe Ihekweazu, Nadia A. Sam-Agudu, Prisca Adejumo, Sabin Nsanzimana, Edson Rwagasore, Jeanine Condo, Masudah Paleker, Hassan Mahomed, Fatima Suleman, Alex Riolexus Ario, Elsie Kiguli-Malwadde, Francis G. Omaswa, Nelson K. Sewankambo, Cecile Viboud, Michael J.A. Reid, Alimuddin Zumla, Peter H. Kilmarx. Contact Tracing and the COVID-19 Response in Africa: Best Practices, Key Challenges, and Lessons Learned from Nigeria, Rwanda, South Africa, and Uganda. AJTMH. Volume 104: Issue 4. 1179–1187. DOI: https://doi.org/10.4269/ajtmh.21-0033

  130. Bernadette Basuta Mirembe, Angella Musewa, Daniel Kadobera, Esther Kisaakye, Doreen Birungi, Daniel Eurien, Luke Nyakarahuka, Stephen Balinandi, Alex Tumusiime, Jackson Kyondo, Sophia Mbula Mulei, Jimmy Baluku, Benon Kwesiga, Steven Ndugwa Kabwama, Bao-Ping Zhu, Julie R. Harris, Julius Julian Lutwama, and Alex Riolexus Ario. (2021) Sporadic outbreaks of crimean-congo haemorrhagic fever in Uganda, July 2018-January 2019. PLoS Negl Trop Dis 15(3): e0009213. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pntd.0009213

  131. Elizabeth Katana, Bob Omoda Amodan, Lilian Bulage, Alex R. Ario, Joseph Nelson Siewe Fodjo, Robert Colebunders & Rhoda K. Wanyenze. Violence and discrimination among Ugandan residents during the COVID-19 lockdown. BMC Public Health 21, 467 (2021). https://doi.org/10.1186/s12889-021-10532-2

  132. Sue Binder, Alex Riolexus Ario, Hervé Hien, Natalie Mayet, Ilesh V. Jani, Chikwe Ihekweazu, Ebba Abate, Sabin Nsanzimana, William Yavo, Wemboo Afiwa Halatoko, Shiva Murugasampillay, Elsie Ilori, Amandine Zoonekyndt, Callie McLean, Claude Millogo, Edris Nikjooy, Anne-Catherine Viso, Katherine Seib, and Ellen A. Spotts Whitney. African National Public Health Institutes Responses to COVID-19: Innovations, Systems Changes, and Challenges. Health Security. 8 Sep 2021. https://doi.org/10.1089/hs.2021.0094
  133. Doreen Birungi, Freda Loy Aceng, Lilian Bulage, Innocent Herbert Nkonwa, Bernadette Basuta Mirembe, Claire Biribawa, Denis Okethwangu, Nixon Denis Opio, Fred Monje, David Muwanguzi, Deo Birungi Ndumu, Robert Aruho, Paul Lumu, Julius Lutwama, Benon Kwesiga, and Alex Riolexus Ario. Sporadic Rift Valley Fever Outbreaks in Humans and Animals in Uganda, October 2017–January 2018, Journal of Environmental and Public Health, vol. 2021, Article ID 8881191, 8 pages, 2021.  https://doi.org/10.1155/2021/8881191.
  134. Irene Byakatonda Kyamwine, Samalie Namukose, Yvette Wibabara, Lilian Bulage, Benon Kwesiga, Alex Riolexus Ario and Julie R. Harris. Patterns of Wasting Among Pregnant and Lactating Women in Uganda, 2015-2018: Analysis of Nutrition Surveillance Data. BMC Nutrition (2021) 7:59 https://doi.org/10.1186/s40795-021-00464-w
  135. Bulage, L., Ario, A.R. et al. Documentation and dissemination of scientific evidence by the Uganda Public Health Fellowship Program: experiences and lessons learnt, 2015–2020. Hum Resour Health 19, 128 (2021). https://doi.org/10.1186/s12960-021-00665-1
  136. Richard Migisha, Alex Riolexus Ario et al. Risk perception and psychological state of healthcare workers in referral hospitals during the early phase of the COVID-19 pandemic, Uganda. BMC Psychology (2021) 9:195 https://doi.org/10.1186/s40359-021-00706-3
  137. Denis Nixon Opio, Paul Edward Okello, Lilian Bulage, Daniel Kadobera, Benon Kwesiga, Innocent Nkonwa, Alex Riolexus Ario. Evaluation of the surveillance system in Kiryandongo Refugee Settlement, Kiryandongo District, Uganda, April 2017. Journal of Interventional Epidemiology and Public Health,2021; 4:16 published 08 Dec 2021

  138. Eurien, D., Mirembe, B.B., Musewa, A., Kisaakye, E., Kwesiga, B., Ongole, F., Okello, A.D., Kadobera, D., Bulage, L., Ario, A.R., Zhu, B.P. Cholera outbreak caused by drinking unprotected well water contaminated with faeces from an open storm water drainage: Kampala City, Uganda, January 2019. BMC Infect Dis 21, 1281 (2021). https://doi.org/10.1186/s12879-021-07011-9

  139. Elizabeth Katana, Bob Omoda, Lilian Bulage, Alex Riolexus Ario et al. Factors associated with access to food and essential medicines among Ugandans during the COVID-19 lockdown: a cross-sectional study. Journal of Interventional Epidemiology and Public Health. 2021;4(2):4. [doi: 10.11604/JIEPH.supp.2021.4.2.1147
  140. Joyce Nguna et al. Estimating the Costs of Responding to a Measles Outbreak: Buvuma Islands, Lake Victoria, Uganda, February-May 2017. Journal of Interventional Epidemiology and Public Health. 2022;5:1.
  141. Alex Riolexus Ario et al. Preparing for the worst: opportunities to prevent trans-boundary disease transmission in Uganda: a case study. Pan African Medical Journal. 2022;41(1):4. 10.11604/pamj.supp.2022.41.1.31195
  142. Lilian Bulage et al. Delayed outbreak detection: a wake-up call to evaluate a surveillance system. Pan African Medical Journal. 2022;41(1):1. 10.11604/pamj.supp.2022.41.1.31161
  143. Kabwama SN, Kwesiga B, Bulage L, et al. An outbreak of malaria caused by increase in malaria breeding sites in swamps. The Pan African Medical Journal. 2022 ;41(Suppl 1):5. DOI: 10.11604/pamj.supp.2022.41.1.31258. PMID: 36158750; PMCID: PMC9474950.
  144. Daniel Kadobera, Gloria Bahizi, Steven Ndugwa Kabwama, Lilian Bulage, Benon Kwesiga, Alex Riolexus Ario & Julie Rebecca Harris. Malaria Outbreak in Mbale: It’s the Pits! – A Case Study. Pan African Medical Journal. 2022;41(1):3. 10.11604/pamj.supp.2022.41.1.31194

  145. Kwesiga B, Nabunya P, Riolexus Ario A, Kadobera D, Bulage L, Kabwama SN, Harris JR. You cannot find what you are not looking for! detecting malaria outbreaks in Uganda: a case study. Pan Afr Med J. 2022 Mar 23;41(Suppl 1):2. doi: 10.11604/pamj.supp.2022.41.1.31191. PMID: 36158747; PMCID: PMC9474831.

  146. Ronald R. Mutebi, Alex R. Ario, Maureen Nabatanzi et al. Large Outbreak of Jimsonweed (Datura stramonium) Poisoning due to Consumption of Contaminated Humanitarian Relief Food: Uganda, March-April 2019, 10 March 2021, PREPRINT (Version 1) available at Research Square [https://doi.org/10.21203/rs.3.rs-198802/v1]

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